CLANAE 25.9—Manufacture of fabricated metal products n.e.c.; metalworking services

Where 25.9 sits

1. C Manufacturing industry
2. 25 Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment
3. 25.9 Manufacture of fabricated metal products n.e.c.; metalworking services

Contains 4 narrower codes

• 25.91 Forging, pressing, stamping and rolling of metals; powder metallurgy
• 25.92 Metal treatment and coating, and general metalworking
• 25.93 Manufacturing of cutlery, hand tools and hardware items
• 25.99 Manufacture of fabricated metal products n.e.c.

What 25.9 includes

• This category basically encompasses the finishing or transformation processes of metal products through mechanical and surface operations. The activities classified in this group may or may not be performed on behalf of third parties.
• Mechanical operations include, for example, turning, milling, grinding, drilling, bending, sizing, final descaling, and so on.
• Surface operations are performed to improve the properties or appearance of the metal, or to protect it against oxidation, corrosion, and so forth. These operations primarily include:
• A) Treatments designed to improve the properties of the metal, such as annealing, hardening, tempering, carburizing, nitriding, and so on. B) Operations designed to remove oxide scale and scale, such as shot blasting, pickling, scraping, and so on. C) Application of rough coatings to protect the metal against rust or any other oxidation, to prevent slippage during transport and facilitate handling, such as paints, greases, paraffin, graphite, etc. d) Surface finishing operations. These have the advantage of facilitating subsequent cold forming of these products, as well as the application of paints and other non-metallic exterior coatings. For example:
• Polishing, buffing, and similar operations.
• Artificial oxidation, which is obtained by various chemical processes, mainly by immersion in an oxidizing solution; patinas, bluing, and bronze, obtained by various techniques, also result in the formation of an oxide film on the product, primarily intended to improve its appearance. These operations also improve corrosion resistance.
• Chemical surface treatments such as:
• Phosphating: an operation that consists of immersing the product in a solution of metallic acid phosphates, mainly manganese, iron, or zinc phosphates; Depending on the duration of the operation and the bath temperature, this process is called parkerizing or bonderizing. Oxalation, boration, etc., are carried out using methods analogous to those used for phosphating, with appropriate salts or acids.
• The main metallic coating processes are as follows:
• Immersion in a bath of molten metal or alloy, for example, zinc plating, tin plating, hot lead plating, and aluminizing;
• Electroplating: cathodic deposition of the coating metal onto the product by electrolysis of a suitable solution of metallic salts, for example, zinc plating, cadmium plating, tin plating, lead plating, chromium plating, copper plating, nickel plating, gold plating, or silver plating;
• Diffusion (simultaneous heating of the product and the powdered coating metal, which is then deposited onto the product, for example, sherardizing, zinc carburizing, heat coating, aluminum carburizing, and diffusion chromium plating).
• Spraying: the coating is applied by projecting molten metal onto the product, for example, using gas, arc, plasma, or electrostatic spraying methods;
• Metallization by vacuum vaporization of the coating metal, and similar methods, applied to different materials;
• Metallization by ionization in a luminescent discharge of the coating metal;
• Coating by cathodic sputtering.
• Non-metallic coatings, for example, enameling, varnishing, lacquering, painting, printing, plastic or ceramic coatings, including those applied by special processes such as luminescent discharge, electrophoresis, electrostatic spraying, and immersion in an electrostatic fluidized bath followed by radiation curing, etc.
• E) Plating, i.e., the bonding of a metal of a different hue or nature by molecular interpenetration of the contacting parts. Plating operations are carried out by various procedures: casting the plating metal onto the base metal followed by rolling, simple hot rolling of the products to be coated to produce the weld, or any other procedure of adding or layering the plating metals followed by any mechanical-thermal procedure that ensures the weld. F) Taking samples for testing.

25.9 in other systems