CLANAE 13.113—Manufacture of textile fiber yarns

Where 13.113 sits

1. C Manufacturing industry
2. 13 Manufacture of textile products, except clothing
3. 13.1 Manufacture of yarns and fabrics; finishing of textile products
4. 13.11 Preparation and spinning of textile fibers
5. 13.113 Manufacture of textile fiber yarns

What 13.113 includes

• Spinning comprises a series of processes through which a mass of loose, heterogeneous textile fibers of varying (but short) lengths is transformed into cylinders of uniform diameter and indefinite length, called yarn. A yarn is a series of fibers and/or filaments that are typically held together by twisting. The basic yarn specification must include at least the material, count, and twist. The activities carried out in spinning mills are: first, the blending of different bales of fibers to standardize the raw material; then, a series of processes are initiated to purify the fibers of impurities. Carding further removes impurities and eliminates very short fibers. Combing arranges the slivers in parallel and works them to achieve a uniform length and thickness, while stretching and twisting them until they become yarn. The main difference between carded and combed yarns is that in the former, the fibers are arranged more randomly, resulting in yarns with a larger diameter but lower weight. Carding allows for the spinning of short fibers, such as those from blousons or wool scraps used in the production of blankets, cloth, felt, and so on. The yarns can be stored on bobbins, cones, spools, etc. Another process is mercerization, which involves improving the quality of the yarn through treatment with solutions such as caustic soda. Texturing is a process specific to manufactured fibers; it consists of twisting, fixing, and untwisting the yarn to give the filaments a wavy texture, elasticity, and volume, preparing them for blending and weaving with other natural fibers. Manufactured fibers that come off the spinneret (subclass 20.300) are smooth filaments that cannot be woven. Regarding manufactured fiber yarns (artificial and synthetic), these are manufactured in subclass 20.300, therefore only the processes of mixing manufactured yarns with each other or with natural fibers, drawing, twisting, texturizing, and other processes carried out outside the chemical plant where they originated should be included in this subclass.
• The processes of preparing yarn from manufactured staple fibers, when carried out in production units where the fiber is not produced.
• The manufacture of paper yarn.
• The manufacture of sewing, darning, or embroidery thread.
• Combing and carding processes, except those carried out in wool scouring facilities and fiber production plants.
• Wool washing when integrated into the spinning mill.
• The production of fibers from slivers.
• Bleaching, dyeing, and similar processes for yarn, when carried out in the production units where the yarn is obtained.
• The generation of byproducts and waste from the aforementioned processes.
• The twisting of yarn in general.

What 13.113 excludes

• Cotton combing and carding processes carried out in cotton gins (subclass 13.111).
• Wool combing and carding processes carried out in scouring plants (subclass 13.112).
• Bleaching, dyeing, and similar processes for yarns, carried out in production units independent of their production (subclass 13.130).
• Processes for preparing yarns from manufactured fibers (subclass 20.300).
• The manufacture of fiberglass (subclass 23.109).
• The manufacture of yarns from silk waste, in units independent of the production of the waste (subclass 38.202).

13.113 in other systems