PKDSubclass
PKD 18.12.Z—Other printing
Subclass · Polska Klasyfikacja Działalności (2025)
Where 18.12.Z sits
What 18.12.Z includes
- This subclass covers only activities involving printing services, not related to the production of products. Printed products are typically protected by copyright.
- Printing of magazines and other periodicals published less than four times a week,
- Printing of books, brochures, sheet music and manuscripts, maps, atlases, posters, advertising catalogs, prospectuses and other advertising, postage stamps, revenue stamps, processing papers, checks and other securities, smart cards, albums, calendars, notebooks, diaries, beer mats, forms, letterhead, headed paper and other similar printed articles using printing machines, offset, rotogravure, flexographic, screen printing and other printing machines, photocopiers, computer printers, embossers, photocopiers and thermocopiers, including high-speed printing directly onto textile products/materials, plastic, glass, metal, wood and ceramics,
- Digital printing,
- Screen printing on textiles and clothing,
- Photocopying of documents,
- Decorative printing, such as decorative gift wrapping paper, wallpaper, and portable products,
- Large-format printing, such as flags, banners, roll-up displays, and posters,
- Label and tag printing (e.g., lithography, gravure, flexography), sign printing,
- Laser engraving on textiles,
- Activities related to photographic printing.
What 18.12.Z excludes
- Printing on textiles as part of their production process, see 13.30.Z,
- Manufacture of stationery (for example, notebooks, binders, registers, account books, business forms), where the information printed therein is of negligible importance, see 17.23.Z,
- Publishing activities, see appropriate subclasses of group 58.1,
- Advertising design activities, see 73.11.Z,
- Photocopying services related to office administration, see 82.10.Z,
- Engraving on metal, glass, wood, and the like, see appropriate subclasses depending on the material used.
18.12.Z in other systems
ANZSICAustralia · New Zealand
- 1611 Printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 5921 Data Processing and Web Hosting Services inferred via ISIC 7420
- 9532 Photographic Film Processing inferred via ISIC 7420
- 6991 Professional Photographic Services inferred via ISIC 7420
- 9002 Creative Artists, Musicians, Writers and Performers inferred via ISIC 7420
- 7292 Document Preparation Services inferred via ISIC 8210
- 5101 Postal Services inferred via ISIC 8210
- 7291 Office Administrative Services inferred via ISIC 8210
ATECOItaly
- 18.12.00 Other printing inferred via ISIC 7420
- 18.11.00 Printing of newspapers inferred via ISIC 1811
- 74.20.20 Photographic processing and other photographic activities inferred via ISIC 7420
- 74.20.19 Other specialised photographic activities inferred via ISIC 7420
- 74.20.11 Activities of photojournalists inferred via ISIC 7420
- 74.20.12 Aerial and underwater photography inferred via ISIC 7420
- 82.10.0 Office administrative and support activities inferred via ISIC 8210
- 18.12 Other printing broader via ISIC 8210
CNAE BrazilBrazil
- 7420-0/04 Filming parties and events inferred via ISIC 7420
- 7420-0/02 Activities related to the production of aerial and underwater photographs inferred via ISIC 7420
- 7420-0/05 Microfilming services inferred via ISIC 7420
- 7420-0/01 Photographic production activities, except aerial and underwater photography inferred via ISIC 7420
- 7420-0/03 Photographic laboratories inferred via ISIC 7420
- 1811-3/01 Newspaper printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 1813-0/99 Printing material for other uses inferred via ISIC 1811
- 1811-3/02 Printing of books, magazines and other periodicals inferred via ISIC 1811
CNAESpain
- 18.11 Newspaper printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 74.20 Photography activities inferred via ISIC 7420
- 82.10 Administrative and auxiliary office activities inferred via ISIC 8210
- 18.12 Other printing and graphic arts activities inferred via ISIC 7420
- 13.30 Textile finishing inferred via ISIC 1811
HSICHong Kong
- 181100 Printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 821100 Combined office administrative service activities inferred via ISIC 8210
- 821900 Photocopying, document preparation and other specialised office support activities inferred via ISIC 8210
- 752200 Photo printing and photo finishing services inferred via ISIC 7420
- 823000 Convention and trade show organising services inferred via ISIC 8210
- 110300 Manufacture of soft drinks; production of mineral waters and other non-alcoholic drinks inferred via ISIC 1811
- 759000 Other miscellaneous professional, scientific and technical activities n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 7420
- 310900 Manufacture of furniture and fixtures of other materials inferred via ISIC 1811
ICNEAChina
- 8060 Photographic expansion service inferred via ISIC 7420
- 2319 Packaging, decoration and other printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 2312 Printing of this book inferred via ISIC 1811
- 2311 Book and newspaper printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 7229 Other integrated management services inferred via ISIC 8210
- 7219 Other organizational management services inferred via ISIC 8210
- 7293 Office services inferred via ISIC 8210
- 7221 Park management services inferred via ISIC 8210
ISICUnited Nations (global)
- 1811 Printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 7420 Photographic activities inferred via ISIC 7420
- 8210 Office administrative and support activities inferred via ISIC 8210
JSICJapan
- 1511 Offset printing in paper inferred via ISIC 1811
- 1512 Printing in paper, except offset printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 7993 Photographic print, film developing and finishing inferred via ISIC 7420
- 1513 Printing, except in paper inferred via ISIC 1811
- 7462 Commercial photography inferred via ISIC 7420
- 7461 Photographic services, except commercial photography inferred via ISIC 7420
- 9299 Other business services, n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 8210
- 9212 Duplicating services inferred via ISIC 8210
KSICSouth Korea
- 18119 Other printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 18113 Offset printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 18112 Screen printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 18111 Master printing by stencil plate and similar plates inferred via ISIC 1811
- 75919 Other office support service activities inferred via ISIC 8210
- 73303 Photograph processing inferred via ISIC 7420
- 75911 Document preparation and duplicating services inferred via ISIC 8210
- 73301 Portrait photography and videotaping of events services inferred via ISIC 7420
MSICMalaysia
- 18110 Printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 82106 Photocopying, duplicating, blueprinting inferred via ISIC 8210
- 82105 Provision of mailbox rental and other postal and mailing services inferred via ISIC 8210
- 82101 Document preparation, editing and/or proofreading inferred via ISIC 8210
- 82102 Typing, word processing or desktop publishing inferred via ISIC 8210
- 82104 Transcription of documents and other secretarial services inferred via ISIC 8210
- 74200 Photographic activities inferred via ISIC 7420
- 82109 Office administrative and support activities n.e.c inferred via ISIC 8210
NACEEuropean Union
- 18.12 Other printing inferred via ISIC 7420
- 18.11 Printing of newspapers inferred via ISIC 1811
- 74.20 Photographic activities inferred via ISIC 7420
- 82.10 Office administrative and support activities inferred via ISIC 8210
- 13.30 Finishing of textiles inferred via ISIC 1811
NAFFrance
- 18.11Y Printing of newspapers inferred via ISIC 1811
- 18.12Y Other activities printing inferred via ISIC 8210
- 74.20Y Activities photographic inferred via ISIC 7420
- 82.10Y Activities of office service and administrative support inferred via ISIC 8210
- 13.30Y Textile finishing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 18.11 Printing of newspapers broader via ISIC 1811
- 18.12 Other activities printing broader via ISIC 7420
- 74.20 Activities photographic broader via ISIC 7420
NAICSUnited States
- 323117 Books Printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing inferred via ISIC 7420
- 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour) inferred via ISIC 7420
- 541922 Commercial Photography inferred via ISIC 7420
- 541921 Photography Studios, Portrait inferred via ISIC 7420
- 323113 Commercial Screen Printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 323111 Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books) inferred via ISIC 1811
- 561439 Other Business Service Centers (including Copy Shops) inferred via ISIC 8210
NAICS CanadaCanada
- 323119 Other printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 812922 One-hour photo finishing inferred via ISIC 7420
- 812921 Photo finishing laboratories (except one-hour) inferred via ISIC 7420
- 323113 Commercial screen printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 339950 Sign manufacturing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 518210 Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services inferred via ISIC 7420
- 561410 Document preparation services inferred via ISIC 8210
- 561110 Office administrative services inferred via ISIC 8210
NICIndia
- 181199 Other printing activities n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 1811
- 181101 Printing of newspapers inferred via ISIC 1811
- 181108 Printing of photographs inferred via ISIC 1811
- 181104 Printing of bank notes, currency notes inferred via ISIC 1811
- 181103 Printing of postage stams, taxation stamps, cheques and other security papers inferred via ISIC 1811
- 181106 Printing on textiles and apparels other than leather, including laser engraving, embellishing and embossing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 181107 Printing on plastic, glass, metal, wood, ceramics, excluding engravings inferred via ISIC 1811
- 181105 Printing banners, posters and similar articles using flexographic printing inferred via ISIC 1811
NOGASwitzerland
- 181100 Printing of newspapers inferred via ISIC 1811
- 181209 Other printing n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 8210
- 742000 Photographic activities inferred via ISIC 7420
- 821000 Office administrative and support activities inferred via ISIC 8210
- 181201 Offset printing inferred via ISIC 7420
- 133000 Finishing of textiles inferred via ISIC 1811
- 1812 Other printing broader via ISIC 1811
- 1811 Printing of newspapers broader via ISIC 1811
SCIANMexico
- 323111 Printing of books, newspapers and magazines inferred via ISIC 1811
- 518210 Provision of computing infrastructure services, data processing, web hosting and other related services inferred via ISIC 7420
- 339950 Manufacturing of signs and notices inferred via ISIC 1811
- 561431 Photocopying, fax and related services inferred via ISIC 8210
- 561410 Document preparation services inferred via ISIC 8210
- 561110 Business management services inferred via ISIC 8210
- 711510 Independent artists, writers, and technicians inferred via ISIC 7420
- 339911 Coinage and printing inferred via ISIC 1811
SICUnited States (legacy)
- 2732 Book Printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 7221 Photographic Studios, Portrait inferred via ISIC 7420
- 2759 Commercial Printing, NEC inferred via ISIC 8210
- 2754 Commercial Printing, Gravure inferred via ISIC 1811
- 2752 Commercial Printing, Lithographic inferred via ISIC 1811
- 2771 Greeting Cards inferred via ISIC 8210
- 7374 Data Processing and Preparation inferred via ISIC 7420
- 7334 Photocopying and Duplicating Services inferred via ISIC 1811
SNISweden
- 18.110 Printing of newspapers inferred via ISIC 1811
- 18.122 Book printing and other printing inferred via ISIC 7420
- 74.200 Photographic activities inferred via ISIC 7420
- 82.100 Office administrative and support activities inferred via ISIC 8210
- 18.121 Printing of periodicals inferred via ISIC 7420
- 13.300 Finishing of textiles inferred via ISIC 1811
- 18.12 Other printing broader via ISIC 8210
- 18.11 Printing of newspapers broader via ISIC 1811
SSICSingapore
- 18112 Commercial printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 18113 Silk screen/metal printing inferred via ISIC 1811
- 18111 Printing of periodicals, books and magazines inferred via ISIC 1811
- 74200 Photographic activities inferred via ISIC 7420
- 74909 Other professional, scientific and technical activities n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 7420
- 81299 Other cleaning services n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 8210
- 74905 Agents for artistes, athletes, models and other performers inferred via ISIC 7420
- 74199 Other specialised design activities n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 7420
UK SICUnited Kingdom
- 18.11 Printing of newspapers inferred via ISIC 1811
- 18.129 Other printing n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 1811
- 82.10 Office administrative and support activities inferred via ISIC 8210
- 74.202 Other specialist photography (not including portrait photography) inferred via ISIC 7420
- 74.203 Film processing inferred via ISIC 7420
- 74.209 Other photographic activities (not including portrait and other specialist photography and film processing) n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 7420
- 74.201 Portrait photographic activities inferred via ISIC 7420
- 13.30 Finishing of textiles inferred via ISIC 1811
WZGermany
- 18.12.0 Other printing inferred via ISIC 7420
- 18.11.0 Printing of newspapers inferred via ISIC 1811
- 74.20.2 Development and processing of photographs and provision of other photographic services inferred via ISIC 7420
- 74.20.1 Activities of photographers inferred via ISIC 7420
- 82.10.0 Office administrative and support activities inferred via ISIC 8210
- 13.30.0 Finishing of textiles inferred via ISIC 1811
- 18.12 Other printing broader via ISIC 1811
- 18.11 Printing of newspapers broader via ISIC 1811
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