PKDDivision
PKD 72—Scientific research and development work
Division · Polska Klasyfikacja Działalności (2025)
Where 72 sits
- N Professional, Scientific and Technical Activities
- 72 Scientific research and development work
Contains 2 narrower codes
What 72 includes
- This division includes: - basic research, which encompasses research, experimental, or theoretical activities undertaken to acquire new knowledge about the foundations of phenomena and observable facts, not aimed at direct practical application, - applied research, which encompasses research activities undertaken to acquire new knowledge, aimed at practical application, - development work, which encompasses systematic work utilizing existing knowledge gained through research and/or practical experience, conducted to create new or improve existing materials, products, devices, services, processes, systems, or methods, - development and production of prototypes, the primary purpose of which is to introduce further improvements, regardless of whether this is related to their production. Research and development activities in this division should not be considered ancillary activities. They are divided into the following two categories: natural sciences and engineering; social sciences and humanities.
What 72 excludes
- Market and public opinion research, classified in 73.20.Z.
72 in other systems
ANZSICAustralia · New Zealand
- 69 Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (Except Computer System Design and Related Services) approximate via ISIC 72
- 6910 Scientific Research Services inferred via ISIC 72
- 691 Scientific research services broader via ISIC 72
ATECOItaly
- 72 Scientific research and development exact via ISIC 72
- 72.20.01 Research and development on archaeology inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.10.22 Research and experimental development on conservation science inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.10.21 Research and experimental development on geology inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.10.10 Research and experimental development on biotechnology inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.10.29 Other research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.20.09 Other activities of research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.2 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
CNAE BrazilBrazil
- 72 Scientific research and development exact via ISIC 72
- 7210-0/00 Research and experimental development in physical and natural sciences inferred via ISIC 72
- 7220-7/00 Research and experimental development in social sciences and humanities inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.1 Experimental research and development in physical and natural sciences broader via ISIC 72
- 72.10-0 Research and experimental development in physical and natural sciences broader via ISIC 72
- 72.2 Experimental research and development in social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
- 72.20-7 Research and experimental development in social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
CNAESpain
- 72 Research and development exact via ISIC 72
- 72.20 Research and experimental development in social sciences and humanities inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.10 Research and experimental development in natural sciences and technology inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.2 Research and experimental development in social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
- 72.1 Research and experimental development in natural sciences and technology broader via ISIC 72
HSICHong Kong
- 70 Activities of head offices; management and management consultancy activities inferred via ISIC 72
- 69 Legal and accounting activities inferred via ISIC 72
- 7210 Research and development on natural sciences and engineering inferred via ISIC 72
- 759 Other miscellaneous professional, scientific and technical activities n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 72
- 7290 General and miscellaneous research and development services inferred via ISIC 72
- 753 Translation and interpretation services inferred via ISIC 72
- 751 Specialised design activities inferred via ISIC 72
- 722000 Research and development on social sciences and humanities inferred via ISIC 72
ICNEAChina
- 73 Research and experimental development exact via ISIC 72
- 7350 Social Humanities Scientific Research inferred via ISIC 72
- 7330 Agricultural scientific research and experimental development inferred via ISIC 72
- 7310 Natural science research and experimental development inferred via ISIC 72
- 7340 Medical research and experimental development inferred via ISIC 72
- 7320 Engineering and technical research and experimental development inferred via ISIC 72
- 735 Social Humanities Scientific Research broader via ISIC 72
- 733 Agricultural scientific research and experimental development broader via ISIC 72
ISICUnited Nations (global)
- 72 Scientific research and development exact
- 7220 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities inferred via ISIC 72
- 7210 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering inferred via ISIC 72
- 722 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
- 721 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering broader via ISIC 72
JSICJapan
- 71 Scientific and development research institutes approximate via ISIC 72
- 7121 Research institutes for humanities and social sciences inferred via ISIC 72
- 7111 Research institutes for physical sciences inferred via ISIC 72
- 7114 Research institutes for medicine and pharmacy inferred via ISIC 72
- 7113 Research institutes for agriculture inferred via ISIC 72
- 7112 Research institutes for engineering inferred via ISIC 72
- 712 Research institutes for humanities and social sciences broader via ISIC 72
- 711 Research institutes for natural sciences broader via ISIC 72
KSICSouth Korea
- 70 Research and development exact via ISIC 72
- 70119 Research and experimental development on other natural sciences inferred via ISIC 72
- 70113 Research and experimental development on medical sciences and pharmacy inferred via ISIC 72
- 70209 Research and experimental development on other social sciences and humanities inferred via ISIC 72
- 70129 Research and experimental development on other engineering inferred via ISIC 72
- 70121 Research and experimental development on electrical and electronic engineering inferred via ISIC 72
- 70112 Research and experimental development on agriculture, forestry, fishery and veterinary science inferred via ISIC 72
- 70111 Research and experimental development on physics, chemistry and biology inferred via ISIC 72
MSICMalaysia
- 72 Scientific research and development exact via ISIC 72
- 72201 Research and development on social science inferred via ISIC 72
- 72101 Research and development on natural sciences inferred via ISIC 72
- 72202 Research and development on humanities inferred via ISIC 72
- 72104 Research and development on biotechnology inferred via ISIC 72
- 72209 Research and development of other social sciences and humanities n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 72
- 72105 Research and development on agricultural, forestry and fisheries sciences inferred via ISIC 72
- 72109 Research and development on other natural science and engineering n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 72
NACEEuropean Union
- 72 Scientific research and development exact
- 72.20 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.10 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.2 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
- 72.1 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering broader via ISIC 72
NAFFrance
- 72 Scientific research and development exact via ISIC 72
- 72.20Y Research and development in the humanities and social sciences inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.10G Research and development in biotechnology inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.10H Research and development in other physical and natural sciences inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.1 Research and development in physical and natural sciences broader via ISIC 72
- 72.10 Research and development in physical and natural sciences broader via ISIC 72
- 72.2 Research and development in the humanities and social sciences broader via ISIC 72
- 72.20 Research and development in the humanities and social sciences broader via ISIC 72
NAICSUnited States
- 541 Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services approximate via ISIC 72
- 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities inferred via ISIC 72
- 541713 Research and Development in Nanotechnology inferred via ISIC 72
- 541714 Research and Development in Biotechnology (except Nanobiotechnology) inferred via ISIC 72
- 541715 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Nanotechnology and Biotechnology) inferred via ISIC 72
- 5417 Scientific Research and Development Services broader via ISIC 72
- 54172 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities broader via ISIC 72
- 54171 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences broader via ISIC 72
NAICS CanadaCanada
- 541 Professional, scientific and technical services approximate via ISIC 72
- 541720 Research and development in the social sciences and humanities inferred via ISIC 72
- 541710 Research and development in the physical, engineering and life sciences inferred via ISIC 72
- 5417 Scientific research and development services broader via ISIC 72
- 54172 Research and development in the social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
- 54171 Research and development in the physical, engineering and life sciences broader via ISIC 72
NICIndia
- 72 Scienti ic research and development exact via ISIC 72
- 721007 Research and development on Space Science inferred via ISIC 72
- 721001 Research and development on natural sciences inferred via ISIC 72
- 722099 Research & Development on other social sciences and Humanities n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 72
- 721005 Research and development on agricultural, forestry and fisheries sciences inferred via ISIC 72
- 722003 Interdisciplinary Research & Development inferred via ISIC 72
- 722002 Research & Development on Arts, Languages and Culture inferred via ISIC 72
- 721099 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 72
NOGASwitzerland
- 72 Scientific research and development exact via ISIC 72
- 722000 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities inferred via ISIC 72
- 721002 Other research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering inferred via ISIC 72
- 721001 Research and experimental development in the pharmaceutical industry inferred via ISIC 72
- 722 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
- 7220 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
- 721 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering broader via ISIC 72
- 7210 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering broader via ISIC 72
SCIANMexico
- 541722 Scientific research and development services in social sciences and humanities, provided by the public sector inferred via ISIC 72
- 541721 Scientific research and development services in social sciences and humanities, provided by the private sector inferred via ISIC 72
- 541712 Scientific research and development services in natural and exact sciences, engineering, and life sciences, provided by the public sector inferred via ISIC 72
- 541711 Scientific research and development services in natural and exact sciences, engineering, and life sciences, provided by the private sector inferred via ISIC 72
- 5417 Scientific research and development services broader via ISIC 72
- 54172 Scientific research and development services in social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
- 54171 Scientific research and development services in natural and exact sciences, engineering, and life sciences broader via ISIC 72
SICUnited States (legacy)
- 87 Engineering, Accounting, Research, Management, and Related Services approximate via ISIC 72
- 37 Transportation Equipment approximate via ISIC 72
- 8731 Commercial Physical Research inferred via ISIC 72
- 8732 Commercial Nonphysical Research inferred via ISIC 72
- 8733 Noncommercial Research Organizations inferred via ISIC 72
- 3728 Aircraft Parts and Equipment, NEC inferred via ISIC 72
- 3769 Space Vehicle Equipment, NEC inferred via ISIC 72
- 3764 Space Propulsion Units and Parts inferred via ISIC 72
SNISweden
- 72 Scientific research and development exact via ISIC 72
- 72.200 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.109 Other research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.101 Research and experimental development on biotechnology inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.2 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
- 72.20 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
- 72.1 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering broader via ISIC 72
- 72.10 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering broader via ISIC 72
SSICSingapore
- 72 Scientific research and development exact via ISIC 72
- 72109 Research and experimental development on natural sciences n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 72
- 72200 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities inferred via ISIC 72
- 72106 Research and experimental development on medical and veterinary sciences inferred via ISIC 72
- 72104 Research and experimental development on engineering inferred via ISIC 72
- 72103 Research and experimental development on chemicals (except medical and veterinary science) inferred via ISIC 72
- 72102 Research and experimental development on electronics (except medical and veterinary science) inferred via ISIC 72
- 72101 Research and experimental development on biotechnology (except medical and veterinary science) inferred via ISIC 72
UK SICUnited Kingdom
- 72 Scientific research and development exact via ISIC 72
- 72.209 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities n.e.c. inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.109 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering n.e.c inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.102 Research and experimental development on transport equipment inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.101 Research and experimental development on pharmaceuticals inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.104 Research and experimental development for space systems and technologies inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.103 Research and experimental development on computer programming and software development inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.106 Research and experimental development on electronics, machinery and equipment inferred via ISIC 72
WZGermany
- 72 Scientific research and development exact via ISIC 72
- 72.20.0 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.10.2 Other research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.10.1 Research and experimental development on biotechnology inferred via ISIC 72
- 72.2 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
- 72.20 Research and experimental development on social sciences and humanities broader via ISIC 72
- 72.1 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering broader via ISIC 72
- 72.10 Research and experimental development on natural sciences and engineering broader via ISIC 72
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