KBLI 18—Printing and Reproduction of Recorded Media

Where 18 sits

1. C Industry
2. 18 Printing and Reproduction of Recorded Media

Contains 2 narrower codes

• 181 Printing and Related Service Activities
• 182 Reproduction of Recorded Media

What 18 includes

• This basic division includes the printing of various products, such as newspapers, books, periodicals, business letters, and greeting cards, as well as printing on various media, as well as supporting activities related to printing activities, such as bookbinding, printing plate making services, and data imaging. The supporting activities included in this group are an integral part of the printing activity, and the products (e.g., printing plates, bound books, and disks or computer files) that are an integral part of the printing activity are almost always provided by this activity. Ownership of input materials is irrelevant to the classification of printing and reproduction of recorded media activities because basic division 18 explicitly includes processing activities. The processes used in printing include various methods/ways to transfer an image from a source (e.g., a plate, a screen, or a computer file) to various media, such as paper, plastic, metal, textile, or wood. The most prominent method of printing is transferring an image from a plate or monitor screen to a medium by lithography, gravure, or screen printing/flexography. Often, a computer file is used to directly "drive" a printing mechanism to create an image or electrostatic devices and other types (digital or non-impact printing). While printing and publishing can be performed by the same unit (e.g., a newspaper), it is increasingly rare for these separate operations to be conducted in the same location.
• This division also includes the reproduction of recorded media, such as compact discs (CDs), video recordings, software on discs or tapes.

What 18 excludes

• This main division does not include publishing activities (see category J) and the manufacture of products by three-dimensional printing machines classified according to the type of product and the materials used.

18 in other systems