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WZDivision

WZ 18—Printing and reproduction of recorded media

Division · Klassifikation der Wirtschaftszweige (2025)

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Where 18 sits

  1. C Manufacturing
  2. 18 Printing and reproduction of recorded media

Contains 2 narrower codes

What 18 includes

  • This division covers the printing of products (e.g., newspapers, books, periodicals, business forms, and greeting cards), the printing of T-shirts and other materials, and related support activities (e.g., bookbinding, plate making, and data imaging). The support activities classified here are an integral part of the production of printed materials, and almost always, these activities provide a product (a printing plate, a bound book, or a computer storage disk or file) that is an integral part of the production of printed materials.
  • Ownership of the raw material is irrelevant for the classification of printing activities and the reproduction of recorded sound, image, and data media. Division 18 expressly includes processing activities.
  • The processes used in printing encompass a wide variety of techniques for transferring an image from a printing plate, screen, or computer file to a medium (e.g., paper, plastic, metal, textiles, wood). The best-known of these processes are the transfer of the image from a printing plate or screen to the medium through lithography, intaglio, screen printing, or flexographic printing. Often, a computer file is used to directly control the printing mechanism or to generate the image using electrostatic and other devices (digital or non-contact printing).
  • Although printing and publishing can be carried out by the same unit (e.g., a newspaper), it is increasingly rare for these different activities to be performed in the same location.
  • Reproduction of recorded sound, image and data carriers (e.g., Compact Discs, video recordings, Software on disks or tapes, records)

What 18 excludes

  • Publishing, see section J
  • Production of goods using a 3D printer, which are classified according to the product and material used.

18 in other systems

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